RECOVERY OF PROCEEDS OF CRIME IN CORRUPTION AND AML CASES IN UGANDA, THROUGH ASSET RECOVERY AND NON-PROSECUTION OR DEFERRED PROSECUTION AGREEMENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54275/raesmpce.v17i1.471Palavras-chave:
recuperação de ativos, acordo de não persecução penal, acordo de persecução penal diferida, corrupçãoResumo
Este estudo examinou dois conceitos: se a recuperação eficaz dos produtos do crime em casos de corrupção pode ser realizada por meio do modelo de recuperação de ativos (RA) e se existem desafios na recuperação de fundos desviados em casos de corrupção com base em acordos de não persecução penal (ANPP) ou acordos de persecução penal diferida (APPD). O objetivo do estudo foi obter informações abrangentes sobre a recuperação eficaz dos produtos do crime em casos de corrupção e de lavagem de dinheiro (LD), que possam ser executadas por meio do modelo de recuperação de ativos, bem como os desafios relacionados à dependência de acordos de não persecução penal para a recuperação de fundos desviados em casos de corrupção e dos produtos do crime em casos de LD. O estudo demonstra que os esforços para recuperar os produtos do crime em casos de corrupção e LD podem ser conduzidos por diferentes meios, sendo um deles o modelo de RA. A recuperação de ativos desempenha um papel fundamental na recuperação de bens obtidos por meio de crimes de corrupção, especialmente quando cometidos por agentes públicos. A RA pode ser eficaz quando há coordenação e cooperação entre os atores do sistema de justiça criminal. Deve-se observar que a recuperação de fundos públicos desviados por agentes públicos não é uma tarefa simples, especialmente quando se trata de indivíduos com conexões políticas. Os autores de corrupção em altos cargos públicos detêm poder e não são facilmente investigados ou processados. Também não é fácil rastrear os produtos do crime, pois os autores têm meios para lavá-los no exterior ou utilizar terceiros para ocultá-los. É importante destacar que a RA é um processo complexo, e, por isso, a utilização dos modelos de ANPP ou APPD como alternativa pode aliviar a carga dos atores do sistema de justiça criminal em seus esforços no combate à corrupção e à lavagem de dinheiro.
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